You can't go wrong with a Marlin 336. Dick's Sporting Goods have them on sale this week, with a scope, for $350 after a $50 rebate.
Wow I just realized I paid $100 for mine, with a scpoe, hard case and a box of ammo. I should have bought more while I had the chance.
i have browning BLR in .308, my first hunting rifle, great gun. two nice things: removable box magazine and the trigger travels with the lever so you don't pinch your fingers when you cock the gun. think they're over your budget new, but used you can probably find some. i saw at least one at the dulles gun show yesterday but didn't look at the price.
Can't go wrong with the Marlin or Winchester lever guns in .30-30. Used examples are everywhere below your price point. Should be able to pick one up for ~$300 in great shape which will leave you a couple hundred for optics, ammo, accessories, etc.
The deal @ Dick's mentioned above may be THE way to go. Can't beat that price for a new 336 w/ scope. Love the .30-30.